图片放大镜 效果 在线演示 源码
原理 首先选择图片的一块区域,然后将这块区域放大,然后再绘制到原先的图片上,保证两块区域的中心点一致, 如下图所示:
初始化 1 2 3 4 <canvas id ="canvas" width ="500" height ="500" > </canvas > <img src ="image.png" style ="display: none" id ="img" >
获得 canvas 和 image 对象,这里使用 <img>
标签预加载图片, 关于图片预加载可以看这里
1 2 3 var canvas = document .getElementById("canvas" );var context = canvas.getContext("2d" );var img = document .getElementById("img" );
设置相关变量1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 var centerPoint = {};var originalRadius = 100 ;var originalRectangle = {};var scale = 2 ;var scaleGlassRectangle
画背景图片 1 2 3 function drawBackGround ( ) { context.drawImage(img, 0 , 0 ); }
计算图片被放大的区域的范围 这里我们使用鼠标的位置作为被放大区域的中心点(放大镜随着鼠标移动而移动),因为 canvas 在画图片的时候,需要知道左上角的坐标以及区域的宽高,所以这里我们计算区域的范围
1 2 3 4 5 6 function calOriginalRectangle (point ) { originalRectangle.x = point.x - originalRadius; originalRectangle.y = point.y - originalRadius; originalRectangle.width = originalRadius * 2 ; originalRectangle.height = originalRadius * 2 ; }
绘制放大镜区域 裁剪区域 放大镜一般是圆形的,这里我们使用 clip
函数裁剪出一个圆形区域,然后在该区域中绘制放大后的图。一旦裁减了某个区域,以后所有的绘图都会被限制的这个区域里,这里我们使用 save
和 restore
方法清除裁剪区域的影响。save
保存当前画布的一次状态,包含 canvas 的上下文属性,例如 style
,lineWidth
等,然后会将这个状态压入一个堆栈。restore
用来恢复上一次 save 的状态,从堆栈里弹出最顶层的状态。
1 2 3 4 5 6 context.save(); context.beginPath(); context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0 , Math .PI * 2 , false ); context.clip(); ...... context.restore();
计算放大镜区域 通过中心点、被放大区域的宽高以及放大倍数,获得区域的左上角坐标以及区域的宽高。
1 2 3 4 5 6 scaleGlassRectangle = { x: centerPoint.x - originalRectangle.width * scale / 2 , y: centerPoint.y - originalRectangle.height * scale / 2 , width: originalRectangle.width * scale, height: originalRectangle.height * scale }
绘制图片 在这里我们使用 context.drawImage(img,sx,sy,swidth,sheight,x,y,width,height);
方法,将 canvas 自身作为一副图片,然后取被放大区域的图像,将其绘制到放大镜区域里。
1 2 3 4 5 6 context.drawImage(canvas, originalRectangle.x, originalRectangle.y, originalRectangle.width, originalRectangle.height, scaleGlassRectangle.x, scaleGlassRectangle.y, scaleGlassRectangle.width, scaleGlassRectangle.height );
绘制放大边缘 createRadialGradient
用来绘制渐变图像
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 context.beginPath(); var gradient = context.createRadialGradient( centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius - 5 , centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius); gradient.addColorStop(0 , 'rgba(0,0,0,0.2)' ); gradient.addColorStop(0.80 , 'silver' ); gradient.addColorStop(0.90 , 'silver' ); gradient.addColorStop(1.0 , 'rgba(150,150,150,0.9)' ); context.strokeStyle = gradient; context.lineWidth = 5 ; context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0 , Math .PI * 2 , false ); context.stroke();
添加鼠标事件 为 canvas 添加鼠标移动事件
1 2 3 canvas.onmousemove = function (e ) { ...... }
转换坐标 鼠标事件获得坐标一般为屏幕的或者 window 的坐标,我们需要将其装换为 canvas 的坐标。getBoundingClientRect
用于获得页面中某个元素的左,上,右和下分别相对浏览器视窗的位置。
1 2 3 4 function windowToCanvas (x, y ) { var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect(); return {x : x - bbox.left, y : y - bbox.top} }
修改鼠标样式 我们可以通过 css 来修改鼠标样式
1 2 3 4 5 6 #canvas { display : block; border : 1px solid red; margin : 0 auto; cursor : crosshair; }
图表放大镜 我们可能基于 canvas 绘制一些图表或者图像,如果两个元素的坐标离得比较近,就会给元素的选择带来一些影响,例如我们画两条线,一个线的坐标是(200.5, 400) -> (200.5, 200)
,另一个线的坐标为 (201.5, 400) -> (201.5, 20)
,那么这两条线几乎就会重叠在一起,如下图所示: 使用图表放大镜的效果
在线演示 源码
原理 类似于地图中的图例,放大镜使用较为精确的图例,如下图所示:
在放大镜坐标系统中,原始的区域会变大,如下图所示
绘制原始线段 首先创建一个线段对象
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 function Line (xStart, yStart, xEnd, yEnd, index, color ) { this .xStart = xStart; this .yStart = yStart; this .xEnd = xEnd; this .yEnd = yEnd; this .index = index; this .color = color; }
初始化线段1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 var chartLines = new Array ();var glassLines;var scaleGlassLines;var glassLineSize;function initLines ( ) { var line; line = new Line(200.5 , 400 , 200.5 , 200 , 0 , "#888" ); chartLines.push(line); line = new Line(201.5 , 400 , 201.5 , 20 , 1 , "#888" ); chartLines.push(line); glassLineSize = chartLines.length; glassLines = new Array (glassLineSize); for (var i = 0 ; i < glassLineSize; i++) { line = new Line(0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , i); glassLines[i] = line; } scaleGlassLines = new Array (glassLineSize); for (var i = 0 ; i < glassLineSize; i++) { line = new Line(0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , i); scaleGlassLines[i] = line; } }
绘制线段1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 function drawLines ( ) { var line; context.lineWidth = 1 ; for (var i = 0 ; i < chartLines.length; i++) { line = chartLines[i]; context.beginPath(); context.strokeStyle = line.color; context.moveTo(line.xStart, line.yStart); context.lineTo(line.xEnd, line.yEnd); context.stroke(); } }
计算原始区域和放大镜区域 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 function calGlassRectangle (point ) { originalRectangle.x = point.x - originalRadius; originalRectangle.y = point.y - originalRadius; originalRectangle.width = originalRadius * 2 ; originalRectangle.height = originalRadius * 2 ; scaleGlassRectangle.width = originalRectangle.width * scale; scaleGlassRectangle.height = originalRectangle.height * scale; scaleGlassRectangle.x = originalRectangle.x + originalRectangle.width / 2 - scaleGlassRectangle.width / 2 ; scaleGlassRectangle.y = originalRectangle.y + originalRectangle.height / 2 - scaleGlassRectangle.height / 2 ; scaleGlassRectangle.width = parseInt (scaleGlassRectangle.width); scaleGlassRectangle.height = parseInt (scaleGlassRectangle.height); scaleGlassRectangle.x = parseInt (scaleGlassRectangle.x); scaleGlassRectangle.y = parseInt (scaleGlassRectangle.y); }
计算线段在新坐标系统的位置 由原理图我们知道,放大镜中使用坐标系的图例要比原始坐标系更加精确,比如原始坐标系使用 1:100
,那么放大镜坐标系使用 1:10
,因此我们需要重新计算线段在放大镜坐标系中的位置。同时为了简便,我们将线段的原始坐标进行了转化,减去原始区域起始的x值和y值,即将原始区域左上角的点看做为(0,0)
。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 function calScaleLines ( ) { var xStart = originalRectangle.x; var xEnd = originalRectangle.x + originalRectangle.width; var yStart = originalRectangle.y; var yEnd = originalRectangle.y + originalRectangle.height; var line, gLine, sgLine; var glassLineIndex = 0 ; for (var i = 0 ; i < chartLines.length; i++) { line = chartLines[i]; if (line.xStart < xStart || line.xEnd > xEnd) { continue ; } if (line.yEnd > yEnd || line.yStart < yStart) { continue ; } gLine = glassLines[glassLineIndex]; sgLine = scaleGlassLines[glassLineIndex]; if (line.yEnd > yEnd) { gLine.yEnd = yEnd; } if (line.yStart < yStart) { gLine.yStart = yStart; } gLine.xStart = line.xStart - xStart; gLine.yStart = line.yStart - yStart; gLine.xEnd = line.xEnd - xStart; gLine.yEnd = line.yEnd - yStart; sgLine.xStart = parseInt (gLine.xStart * scale); sgLine.yStart = parseInt (gLine.yStart * scale); sgLine.xEnd = parseInt (gLine.xEnd * scale); sgLine.yEnd = parseInt (gLine.yEnd * scale); sgLine.color = line.color; glassLineIndex++; } glassLineSize = glassLineIndex; }
绘制放大镜中心点 绘制放大镜中心的瞄准器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 function drawAnchor ( ) { context.beginPath(); context.lineWidth = 2 ; context.fillStyle = "#fff" ; context.strokeStyle = "#000" ; context.arc(parseInt (centerPoint.x), parseInt (centerPoint.y), 10 , 0 , Math .PI * 2 , false ); var radius = 15 ; context.moveTo(parseInt (centerPoint.x - radius), parseInt (centerPoint.y)); context.lineTo(parseInt (centerPoint.x + radius), parseInt (centerPoint.y)); context.moveTo(parseInt (centerPoint.x), parseInt (centerPoint.y - radius)); context.lineTo(parseInt (centerPoint.x), parseInt (centerPoint.y + radius)); context.stroke(); }
绘制放大镜 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 function drawMagnifyingGlass ( ) { calScaleLines(); context.save(); context.beginPath(); context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0 , Math .PI * 2 , false ); context.clip(); context.beginPath(); context.fillStyle = "#fff" ; context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0 , Math .PI * 2 , false ); context.fill(); context.lineWidth = 4 ; for (var i = 0 ; i < glassLineSize; i++) { context.beginPath(); context.strokeStyle = scaleGlassLines[i].color; context.moveTo(scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassLines[i].xStart, scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassLines[i].yStart); context.lineTo(scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassLines[i].xEnd, scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassLines[i].yEnd); context.stroke(); } context.restore(); context.beginPath(); var gradient = context.createRadialGradient( parseInt (centerPoint.x), parseInt (centerPoint.y), originalRadius - 5 , parseInt (centerPoint.x), parseInt (centerPoint.y), originalRadius); gradient.addColorStop(0.50 , 'silver' ); gradient.addColorStop(0.90 , 'silver' ); gradient.addColorStop(1 , 'black' ); context.strokeStyle = gradient; context.lineWidth = 5 ; context.arc(parseInt (centerPoint.x), parseInt (centerPoint.y), originalRadius, 0 , Math .PI * 2 , false ); context.stroke(); drawAnchor(); }
添加事件 鼠标拖动 鼠标移动到放大镜上,然后按下鼠标左键,可以拖动放大镜,不按鼠标左键或者不在放大镜区域都不可以拖动放大镜。 为了实现上面的效果,我们要实现3种事件 mousedown
, mousemove
, ‘mouseup’, 当鼠标按下时,检测是否在放大镜区域,如果在,设置放大镜可以移动。鼠标移动时更新放大镜中兴点的坐标。鼠标松开时,设置放大镜不可以被移动。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 canvas.onmousedown = function (e ) { var point = windowToCanvas(e.clientX, e.clientY); var x1, x2, y1, y2, dis; x1 = point.x; y1 = point.y; x2 = centerPoint.x; y2 = centerPoint.y; dis = Math .pow(x2 - x1, 2 ) + Math .pow(y2 - y1, 2 ); if (dis < Math .pow(originalRadius, 2 )) { lastPoint.x = point.x; lastPoint.y = point.y; moveGlass = true ; } } canvas.onmousemove = function (e ) { if (moveGlass) { var xDis, yDis; var point = windowToCanvas(e.clientX, e.clientY); xDis = point.x - lastPoint.x; yDis = point.y - lastPoint.y; centerPoint.x += xDis; centerPoint.y += yDis; lastPoint.x = point.x; lastPoint.y = point.y; draw(); } } canvas.onmouseup = function (e ) { moveGlass = false ; }
鼠标双击 当移动到对应的线段上时,鼠标双击可以选择该线段,将该线段的颜色变为红色。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 canvas.ondblclick = function (e ) { var xStart, xEnd, yStart, yEnd; var clickPoint = {}; clickPoint.x = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassRectangle.width / 2 ; clickPoint.y = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassRectangle.height / 2 ; var index = -1 ; for (var i = 0 ; i < scaleGlassLines.length; i++) { var scaleLine = scaleGlassLines[i]; xStart = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleLine.xStart - 3 ; xEnd = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleLine.xStart + 3 ; yStart = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleLine.yStart; yEnd = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleLine.yEnd; if (clickPoint.x > xStart && clickPoint.x < xEnd && clickPoint.y < yStart && clickPoint.y > yEnd) { scaleLine.color = "#f00" ; index = scaleLine.index; break ; } } for (var i = 0 ; i < chartLines.length; i++) { var line = chartLines[i]; if (line.index == index) { line.color = "#f00" ; } else { line.color = "#888" ; } } draw(); }
键盘事件 因为线段离得比较近,所以使用鼠标移动很难精确的选中线段,这里使用键盘的w
, a
, s
, d
来进行精确移动
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 document .onkeyup = function (e ) { if (e.key == 'w' ) { centerPoint.y = intAdd(centerPoint.y, -0.2 ); } if (e.key == 'a' ) { centerPoint.x = intAdd(centerPoint.x, -0.2 ); } if (e.key == 's' ) { centerPoint.y = intAdd(centerPoint.y, 0.2 ); } if (e.key == 'd' ) { centerPoint.x = intAdd(centerPoint.x, 0.2 ); } draw(); }
参考资料 HTML5-MagnifyingGlass